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Frank,
I think you are right. 
I have spoken to a couple of old local Penzance sea salt friends recently on 
this. They both did the "milk run" UK-Canaries-West Indies-Azores-UK in the 
late 1960s-early 1970s. Usually 24 ft wooden type semi seaworthy boats.) 
Mostly using only meridian passages, no intercept method (far too 
complicated!). What they needed was cheap quartz watches and SW radio time 
signals. (not necessarily Sony transistors. Ordinary cheap valve jobs or 
crystal sets would do). For simple trade wind sailing this would do fine and 
probably still would?
So quartz watch and SW radio time signals received by whatever primitive 
receiver technology would do. I guess if you had the radio time signal, you 
do not even need the quartz watch. 
My wonderful Invicta cheap mechanical copy of the Rolex submariner has kept 
+3-8 seconds going rate consistently for the last 2 years (checked daily and 
never outside this range) and would easily win the longitude prize. This plus 
any cheap  radio time signal (transistor or otherwise, even crystal sets, my 
experiments a few years ago prove this. Do not even need batteries for 
these.)  Would do fine.
Trade wind sailing no problem with the simplest of equipment. Good mechanical 
watch + time signal from simple SW radio. (Unless , like me you are a 
lunatic! No watch time needed! No radio needed.). Lunars would do it.(just).
Francis

-----Original Message-----
From: NavList@fer3.com [mailto:NavList@fer3.com] On Behalf Of Frank Reed
Sent: 12 June 2018 20:16
To: francis@pharmout.co.uk
Subject: [NavList] Shortwave radio and the evolution of celestial navigation

Bob Goethe, suggesting an addition to Ed's chronology, wrote a few days ago:
"*I think the combination of transistor shortwave radios, station WWV, and 
Seiko's quartz watch is what finally allowed the St. Hilaire intercept-method 
to come into its own among small boat sailors.*"
This is an interesting hypothesis. Bob, could you elaborate on your thinking 
here? Can you think of any evidence that would support this model? Does 
anyone else have thoughts on this? Did WWV really change things when it came 
on the air? There were other radio time signals. How about shortwave 
transistor radios? Transistor radios were more expensive than tube radios for 
quite a few years. I do agree that quartz watches made celestial navigation 
cheaper and therefore more accessible, but that seems like one modest 
innovation among many in the 1950s and 1960s. 
One suggestion: I think you should drop any mention of the intercept method, 
per se, when describing this hypothesis. That strikes me as essentially 
irrelevant to the issue that you're raising, and surely the intercept method 
was the primary method of celestial navigation taught to the tens of 
thousands of new navigators created in the Second World War, well before the 
solid state electronics revolution.
Maybe this hypothesis should be considered in connection with a bigger 
question. What made bluewater sailing more accessible in the past fifty 
years? Was it some change in celestial navigation, or were other factors 
really key?
Frank Reed


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