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    Re: Older subs diesel
    From: Alexandre Eremenko
    Date: 2012 Apr 13, 19:08 -0400

    Byron,
    Thanks for so many interesting details.
    Now I am beginning to understand why artificial horizons were needed
    on submarines. Here is a fine Soviet made "C Plath" submarine sextant
    http://antiques-shop.ru/catalogue/morskie_priboru/item_35812.html
    with a gyro horizon, called IAS 1M.
    
    Alex.
    
    On Fri, 13 Apr 2012, Byron Franklin wrote:
    
    >
    > Older subs (second W11) or any diesel, is not like the true sub Nuclear, It 
    can run underwater only hours on battery  and then needs to build up the 
    batters. The diesel uses the snorkel and poppet valves to run and charge the 
    battery, when not on the surface. When the water or spillage hit the poppets, 
    which is often the close the air running to the diesel and shut off the large 
    amount of incoming air. It draws the air from inside the sub and your ears 
    can burst. The crew is tested for this and many other physical abilities for 
    living in this unusual condition .  You must pass test of high pressure in a 
    tank and coming up in a tank of water 50 feet or more.  The diesel can?t run 
    under water. The World War diesel along hostile waters needed to get fixes 
    with out revealing to the enemy, it was risky to get stars with any light. So 
    they did so at the dark night.
    > They got stasr against a dark night vision horizon, they stayed in the dark 
    or under red light to adapt to very little light, they are low to the water, 
    they use off center vision by not looking directly at the horizon, but up 
    near 20 degrees from it. Someone else read the sextant and time under dim red 
    light. I understand they did not use the periscope for sights, I don?t think 
    they had one?. Any one got another answer? Not accurate but needed.
    >
    > Byron:
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