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Re Lu's query 1. A Viking settlement has been unearthed at l'anse aux meadows 
at the tip of the Newfoundland peninsula. Last I heard the dig there was 
ongoing.

Hewitt

Sent from my iPad

On Mar 8, 2013, at 1:06 PM, "Lu Abel"  wrote:

> Thanks for your comments, Andres
> 
> Maybe we should expand this discussion:
> 
> 1.   Is there genuine historical evidence of Europeans visiting North 
America before Columbus?   Let me narrow that a bit by saying "deliberately 
visited" North America, I'm not thinking of accidental visits due to storms, 
shipwrecks, etc.*  We know, for example, that the Vikings settled Iceland and 
Greenland before Columbus and there is evidence that most historians accept 
that they visited Canada.   But is there any other evidence of pre-Columbian 
visits?
> 
> 2.  Did those visitors understand the tradewind and current patterns of the 
North Atlantic?  Or, for example, did the Vikings row to Canada and only have 
the wind to carry them home?? 
> 
> 3.  What navigational tools/concepts did these early visitors use?
> 
> 
> 
> * I find it totally fascinating that there is some pretty good archeological 
evidence that Japanese landed on the west coast of South America, but I 
believe it's also accepted that this was probably a shipwreck and not a 
voyage of deliberate exploration or resource exploitation.
> 
> 
> 
> 
>> ________________________________
>> From: Andrés Ruiz 
>> To: luabel---com 
>> Sent: Friday, March 8, 2013 11:04 AM
>> Subject: [NavList] Re: Basque Whalers
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> ________________________________
>> Basque country belongs to Spain and France, two nations in war during 
centuries. In XIV century the industry of the whale and cod had increased and 
was generating big profit. After Cristobal Colón, Columbus, Spanish 
navigators do not explored northen coast of America, Caboto (England 1497) 
and Cartier( France 1534 ) done.
>> In 1565 the Basque whaler San Juan was sunk in Red Bay, Newfoundland 
Labrador, (see attached nautical charts). This well documented evidences  are 
the starting point for many theories that said Basque navigators and 
fishermen maintained in secret their routes before Colón discovery. All 
hypothesys...
>> Is fact that in the XVII century Basque people teached English and Dutch 
fishers to hunt whales, and the spanish king declared this illegal, and 
prosecuted that men. 
>> 
>> 
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bay,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
>> 
>> 
>> But the question is: they went there, how they navigated?, are the latitude 
by Polaris and LAN fix for latitude enough accurate in those days? amazing 
indeed!
>> 
>> regards,
>> -- 
>> Andrés Ruiz
>> Navigational Algorithms
>> http://sites.google.com/site/navigationalalgorithms/ 
>> Attached File: 
>> 
>> 
>> Attached File: 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> : http://fer3.com/arc/m2.aspx?i=122729
>> 
>> 
> 
> : http://fer3.com/arc/m2.aspx?i=122732
> 
> 

   

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