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I don't think you will be able to draw any of that in Microsoft Word.  You could import an image that had those characteristics, but Word simply isn't up to the task you defined.  Word is a word processor.  It is not a drawing tool.  

You can certainly "fake" the drawing if you'd like.  Import the image of the globe you want to some graphical tool, and then simply draw on it.  You will get representational graphics, which are then suitable for importation to your paper.  No one is likely to ever spot that you didn't produce mathematically pure drawings. 

If you want "mathematically pure" drawings, a simple approach is to use Excel.  The math engine is there and you can get Excel to draw any of it.  Its a bit daunting, but very satisfying to make work.  Once your drawing (chart) is complete, just import it into Word.  An example of how powerful Excel is, is to examine my 2102E (a follow up to the 2102D) in the archives.  I was able to draw the blue overlays for ANY latitude, for either hemisphere.  

Of course there are other tools for creating drawings.  I do not wish to slight any of them.  The tool you select should be capable of drawing.  MS Word isn't one of them.

Brad