Please see attachment for a vintage WWII photo and design drawing of the K&E marine pibal theodolite.
This theodolite was mounted on a tripod with a gimbal and counterweight to keep it level aboard ship.
K&E manufactured these in Hoboken, New Jersey.
This instrument appears to have been used by USN meteorologists to measure winds aloft by tracking pilot balloons. It was not used for navigation as far as I can determine.
JMcDonald