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Re: The development of bubble sextants
From: George Huxtable
Date: 2009 Aug 14, 16:21 +0100
From: George Huxtable
Date: 2009 Aug 14, 16:21 +0100
I don't really understand what Hanno is after in his attempt to redesign a spirit level so that "it becomes more stable". Is he trying to eliminate its response to horizontal accelerations so that it responds only to gravity? In that case, I predict that he is doomed to fail. The two are inseparable. The "centre of mass" of the liquid plays no part in the operation. You could attach a large tank, or tanks, filled chock-full of the liquid, by filled pipes, to the spirit level as you wished, displacing the centre of mass of the total body of fluid wherever you wished, and it would have no effect. A spirit level is not acting as a pendulum, which I suspect is the concept Hanno has in mind. Another point. I don't know what is the sensitivity of the spirit level that Hanno plans to improve. A sensitive level, such as might be found on a theodolite, might have a surface curvature that shifts a bubble by about one millimetre for 20 arc-seconds tilt. To emulate that curvature in a vertical torus such as Hanno seems to be suggesting, he would have to give it a radius of about 17 metres, according to my simple-minded estimation. Perhaps Hanno is intending to "make it more stable", just by slowing or damping its response. To do that might call for replacing the spirit with some more treacly substance, Any moves in that direction would minimise the response to short-term oscillations, but such increased sluggishness would make it much less usable. Perhaps Hanno will explain further, if I've misunderstood. George. contact George Huxtable, at george@hux.me.uk or at +44 1865 820222 (from UK, 01865 820222) or at 1 Sandy Lane, Southmoor, Abingdon, Oxon OX13 5HX, UK. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Hanno Ix"To: Sent: Friday, August 14, 2009 6:16 AM Subject: [NavList 9506] Re: The development of bubble sextants Gentlemen: This is only for those who like physics! I have been thinking about the physics of a spirit level. Have you ever seen an analysis of the dynamic behavior of a spirit level/bubble? I would like to study that. At the present level of my knowledge I believe, though, the spirit level in the sextant could be designed so that it becomes more stable. Let me explain. For the sake of simplicity, lets assume here a tubular spirit level. A bubble has two degrees of freedom for the bubble whereas a tubular spirit level has only one. This makes the analysis simpler. Accelerating a horizontal spirit level along its long axis will make the bubble move in the direction of the acceleration i.e accelerating it forward will make the bubble move forward, and vice versa. Almost any translation or rotation of the sextant in the plane that contains the axis of the level will cause such accelerations. Try it at home! In simple terms: the acceleration will create a force in the opposite direction of the acceleration. When accelerated forward the heavier spirit will follow the force opposing the acceleration thereby moving its center of mass as far back as possible. This will be achieved by displacing the lighter air bubble as far to the front as possible. Assume now we have a tubular spirit level and, rather than being closed on the front end and the back end, these ends are connected. A simple way would be to extend the ends by more tubing creating thereby a ring-shaped tube, or a tubular ring. Fill the ring with spirit until you have a bubble of the desired size. Mount this ring shaped level to the sextant such that the its main plane is parallel to the main plane of the sextant and the bubble plays at the same location as it was before the modification. So the optical function will be restored. Because of the bubble, the center of gravity of the liquid will be slightly below the center of the ring putting the majority of the mass into the bottom half. This was the case in the original design, also. Therefore, when accelerated forward, the spirit would move back again , and, consequently, the bubble would move forward again. Now, give the tubular ring a little dent at the bottom thereby moving the center of the spirit mass above the center of the ring. I predict we will see that now the bubble will move opposite to the acceleration, i.e. backwards. We surely can the dent "right": we can put of the spirit's mass to the center. Therefore there will be exactly the same amount of spirit in both halves: there is no net force to move the spirit anymore, and the bubble will stay where it was before the acceleration. This was just a mental model to justify my believe. I have never built such a ring shaped level - and I could be entirely wrong! I challenge you, though, to prove me wrong. Best regards --- On Thu, 8/13/09, engineer@clear.net.nz wrote: From: engineer@clear.net.nz Subject: [NavList 9491] Re: The development of bubble sextants To: NavList@fer3.com Date: Thursday, August 13, 2009, 12:03 AM Thanks for this most interesting paper. Bill Morris Pukenui New Zealand --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ NavList message boards: www.fer3.com/arc Or post by email to: NavList@fer3.com To , email NavList-@fer3.com -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---